Amphetamines and methamphetamine are both stimulant drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS), increasing energy, focus, and alertness. While they share similarities in their chemical structure and effects, their impact on the body and brain differs significantly. Amphetamines, such as Adderall and Vyvanse, are commonly prescribed for medical conditions, while methamphetamine (meth) is an illicit, highly addictive drug with severe health consequences.
At New Heights Recovery, we recognize the dangers of stimulant abuse and the challenges of overcoming addiction. Our Addiction Program, Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), and Substance Abuse Treatment programs provide evidence-based care for individuals struggling with amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction. Understanding the differences between these substances can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and seek treatment when necessary.
What Are Amphetamines?
Amphetamines are prescription stimulant medications used to treat conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. These drugs work by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus, attention, and wakefulness. When used as prescribed, amphetamines can be safe and effective; however, misuse and abuse can lead to dependence, addiction, and serious health risks.
Common Prescription Amphetamines:
- Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) – Used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
- Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) – A stimulant used to improve attention and focus in ADHD.
- Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) – Prescribed for ADHD and binge eating disorder.
While amphetamines have legitimate medical uses, they are classified as Schedule II controlled substances due to their high potential for abuse and dependence. Misusing these drugs—such as taking higher doses than prescribed, snorting crushed pills, or using them without a prescription—can lead to serious cardiovascular, neurological, and psychological effects.
What Is Methamphetamine?
Methamphetamine is a highly potent and addictive stimulant that affects the CNS more aggressively than prescription amphetamines. It is chemically similar to amphetamines but has a stronger and longer-lasting impact on the brain, leading to rapid addiction and severe health problems.
Key Facts About Methamphetamine:
- Illegally manufactured meth is a dangerous street drug often made in illicit labs.
- It produces a powerful, euphoric high, making it highly addictive.
- Chronic use leads to extreme physical and psychological damage, including meth mouth, psychosis, and severe cognitive decline.
Legal Use:
- Desoxyn is a rare prescription form of methamphetamine used to treat ADHD and obesity, but it is almost never prescribed due to its high abuse potential.
- Street meth is illegal and classified as a Schedule II drug due to its extreme addiction potential and severe health risks.
Chemical and Functional Differences Between Amphetamines and Methamphetamine
| Feature | Amphetamines | Methamphetamine |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Structure | Similar to meth but weaker CNS activation | Has an additional methyl group, making it more potent |
| Legality | Legal with prescription (Adderall, Vyvanse, Dexedrine) | Illegal (except for rare prescription Desoxyn) |
| Addiction Potential | Can be habit-forming, but lower risk than meth | Extremely addictive, often leading to dependency after short-term use |
| Medical Uses | ADHD, narcolepsy, weight loss (in some cases) | Limited medical use, mostly illicit |
| Duration of Effects | 4-12 hours, depending on formulation | 8-24 hours, leading to prolonged binge use |
| Effects on the Brain | Increases dopamine and norepinephrine gradually | Causes rapid, intense dopamine spikes, leading to addiction |
| Long-Term Effects | Potential for dependence, increased heart rate, anxiety | Severe cognitive impairment, psychosis, cardiovascular damage |
How Are These Drugs Abused?
Both amphetamines and methamphetamine are frequently abused for their euphoric effects, increased energy, and enhanced focus.
Ways People Misuse Amphetamines:
- Taking higher doses than prescribed.
- Crushing and snorting pills for a faster, more intense effect.
- Using amphetamines without a prescription to boost energy or focus.
- Mixing amphetamines with other substances, such as alcohol or benzodiazepines.
How Methamphetamine Is Used Illegally:
- Smoking – Produces an immediate, intense high, leading to rapid addiction.
- Snorting – Causes a longer-lasting but less intense high.
- Injecting – Increases addiction risk and raises the chance of infections and disease transmission.
- Oral ingestion – Results in a slower onset of effects but a longer-lasting high.
Health Risks of Amphetamines vs. Methamphetamine
Short-Term Effects:
Amphetamines:
- Increased alertness and energy.
- Elevated heart rate and blood pressure.
- Loss of appetite.
- Anxiety and restlessness.
Methamphetamine:
- Intense euphoria followed by a severe crash.
- Increased aggression and impulsivity.
- Rapid heartbeat and dangerously high blood pressure.
- Severe dehydration and hyperthermia.
Long-Term Effects and Dangers
| Effect | Amphetamines | Methamphetamine |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Damage | Increased risk of heart attack & stroke | Severe damage to the heart and blood vessels |
| Mental Health Issues | Anxiety, paranoia, mood swings | Severe paranoia, hallucinations, psychosis |
| Cognitive Impairment | Memory problems, reduced attention span | Permanent brain damage, memory loss, and reduced cognitive function |
| Physical Health Problems | Weight loss, malnutrition, tremors | Extreme weight loss, “meth mouth,” skin sores |
| Addiction & Withdrawal | Dependence possible, withdrawal includes fatigue and depression | Highly addictive, withdrawal includes severe cravings, psychosis, depression |
Treatment for Stimulant Addiction at New Heights Recovery
At New Heights Recovery, we provide comprehensive treatment programs to help individuals break free from amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction.
1. Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP):
- Intensive, structured treatment with daily medical and therapeutic support.
- Focus on behavioral therapy, medical monitoring, and relapse prevention.
2. Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP):
- Flexible treatment for those transitioning from inpatient care.
- Includes therapy, medication management, and relapse prevention strategies.
3. Addiction Treatment Program:
- Personalized care plans to address stimulant addiction.
- Uses Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Contingency Management (CM) to help individuals regain control.
4. Mental Health Treatment:
- Dual-diagnosis treatment for co-occurring disorders, such as anxiety, PTSD, and depression.
Take the First Step Toward Recovery
If you or a loved one is struggling with amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction, seeking professional treatment is essential. At New Heights Recovery, we offer compassionate, evidence-based care to help you overcome addiction and rebuild your life. Call New Heights Recovery today at (614) 858-8826 or contact us online to learn more about our Addiction Program, PHP, IOP, and Substance Abuse Treatment programs. Recovery starts today.
FAQs on Amphetamines vs. Methamphetamine
What is the difference between amphetamines and methamphetamine?
Amphetamines are prescription stimulants used for ADHD and narcolepsy, while methamphetamine is a highly addictive, illegal stimulant with severe health risks.
Are amphetamines legal?
Yes, amphetamines like Adderall and Vyvanse are legally prescribed for medical conditions. However, misuse can lead to addiction.
Is methamphetamine ever used as a medication?
Yes, Desoxyn is a rare prescription form of methamphetamine, but its use is highly restricted due to its high potential for abuse.
How does methamphetamine affect the brain compared to amphetamines?
Methamphetamine releases a much higher amount of dopamine, leading to stronger euphoria, rapid addiction, and severe cognitive impairment over time.
What are the short-term effects of amphetamines vs. methamphetamine?
Both increase energy and focus, but methamphetamine causes intense euphoria, aggression, and dangerous physical effects like rapid heart rate and high blood pressure.
What are the long-term health risks of methamphetamine use?
Chronic meth use can cause extreme weight loss, “meth mouth,” paranoia, hallucinations, permanent brain damage, and cardiovascular issues.
Can amphetamines lead to addiction?
Yes, prescription amphetamines can be addictive if misused, leading to dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and potential health risks.
What are the signs of amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction?
Signs include increased tolerance, compulsive use, withdrawal symptoms, mood swings, paranoia, and significant physical changes.
